CH 1 - Development Notes Class 10 -Learn Quick Zone

                          Learn Quick Zone 

                        Karaundi , Varanasi

                                    Class -X

                      Subject : Social-science 

                                   Notes 

CH-1 ECONOMICS :-Development

Development :- Development is a process that creates growth, progress, positive change or the addition of physical, economic, environmental, social and demographic components.

What Development Promises? – Different People, Different Goals

Different Persons

• Society is a mixture of different people and different people have different goals and aspirations.

             Example :- Buying a tractor can be said development for a farmer but not for a student or an employee. Thus, Different people can have different developmental goals.

Income & Other Goals

• The aspirations or goals of a person can not only be just related to monetary aspects. Income is the most vital part to fulfill our goals and aspirations but people do have some non-material desires as well.

• People prefer to earn more income for fulfilling their daily requirements of life. 

For example, You’ve got a job offer in company A and also in company B. A Provides a higher salary but no growth opportunities or a healthy job environment whereas B provides less pay with good working conditions and growth opportunities.

There are a lot of things that matter a lot but can’t be measured. Thus, People also seek such non-material things besides seeking more income. Similarly, development is also a mixture of different sets of goals or desires.

National Development

• As People have different goals, their notions of development will also be different. What should a country do for development? National development talks about this only

• National Development refers to ability of a nation to improve standard of living of its citizens. 

• Standard of living of citizens depends upon 

o Per capita Income 

o GDP

o Literacy Rate 

o Availability of health etc. 

How to Compare Different Countries?

• Income is the most appropriate and important attribute to Compare different countries or states. 

• The income of all the residents of the country is called the income of the country.

• Different countries have different sizes of the population. Therefore, they can’t be compared in terms of their total income.

• Thus, Average income is used to compare the countries which are calculated by dividing the total population by the total income. It is also called Per Capita Income.

Average income is the total income of the country divided by its total population. It is also called per capita income.

Average Income = Total Income of Country / Total Population of Country

• This criterion is also used for classifying countries as per World Development Reports of the World Bank.

• Countries having a per capita income of US$ 12,056 p.a. and above in 2017 are classified as rich countries.

• Countries having a per capita income of US$ 955 or less are classified as low-income countries.

• World Bank as per World Development Report 2006, in classifying the countries. World Bank says that countries with the per capita income of Rs 4,53,000 per annum and above in 2004 are called rich countries and those with the per capita income of Rs 37,000 or less are called low-income countries

Other Criteria Besides Income

While taking two countries or regions into consideration, not only average income is important but also public facilities do matter.

When we think of a nation or a region, besides average income, public facilities are equally significant attributes. 

What are Public Facilities

• The facilities provided by the government are called public facilities. These are provided for the welfare of the society and the development of the country.

Infant Mortality Rate. The number of children that die before the age of one year as a proportion of 1,000 live birth in that particular year

Literacy Rate. It measures the proportion of literate population in the 7 and above age group.

Net Attendance Ratio. It is the total number of children of age group 6-10 attending school as a percentage of total number of children in the same age group.

Body Mass Index. (BMI) one way to find out if adults are undernourished is to calculate Body Mass Index. Divide the weight of a person (in kg) by the square of the height (in metres). If this figure is less than 18.5 then the person would be considered undernourished. If this BMI is more than 25, then a person is overweight.

For example Health & educational facilities, Infrastructure, sanitation, etc.

• Kerala achieved a low infant mortality rate because of its adequate health & educational facilities.

• In Some states, the Public Distribution System ( PDS ) works well.

Sustainability of Development

• Sustainable Development means the development of the present without compromising future generations. Scientists are warning the world that present practices are not sustainable in nature. For example: Exhaustion of Natural resources like Forests & Groundwater.

• Exhaustion of Non-renewable resources like Coal, Petroleum, and natural gas.

• Overuse of ground water

• Exhaustion of natural resources

Did You Know?

There are also Middle-Income Countries ( MICs ) which are having per capita between $

 1,036 and $

 12,535 and India lies in Low MICs having a per capita income of $

1820 in 2017

India HDI Rank In the World is :- 131 In terms of human development Srilanka is Ahead of India. 

Kerala has the highest HDI. 

National income. Is the money value of final goods and services produced by a country during an accounting year

Human development Index:

It is a composite Index prepared by United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) through its Annual Human Development Report published every year. Major parameters such as longevity of life, levels of literacy and Per capita income are used to measure the development of countries. World countries are ranked accordingly in to Very High Developed countries, High Developed countries, Medium Developed countries and Low Developed countries.